Working principle and cutting process of metal cutting machine

Working principle of metal cutting machine

Laser is amazing, and laser has been able to be used in various industries, such as metal cutting, textile fabric cutting, laser marking, laser engraving, etc. Many people are not very clear about the principle of laser, today we will read in detail about the working principle of metal laser cutting machine: laser beam principle:

The laser beam is focused into a very small spot with a minimum diameter (which can be less than 0.1 mm), resulting in a high power density at the focus (which can exceed 106 Wicm2).At this time, the heat input to the beam (converted by light energy) far exceeds the part reflected, transmitted or diffused by the material, which quickly heats up to the vaporization temperature and evaporates to form holes.As the beam moves relatively linearly with the material, the holes continue to form slits of very narrow width, such as about 0.1mm.The thermal effect of trimming is small and there is little workpiece distortion.

Cutting process of metal cutter

An auxiliary gas suitable for the material to be cut is also added during laser metal cutting.Oxygen is used as an auxiliary gas in steel cutting to produce exothermic chemical reaction oxidation material with melted metals and to help blow away the slag in the slot.Nitrogen can be selected as auxiliary gas in industry for metal parts with high processing accuracy.

Most organic and inorganic substances can be cut by laser.In the heavy metal processing industry of industrial manufacturing, many metal materials, regardless of their hardness, can be cut without distortion (currently the thickness of industrial steel can be nearly 20mm with the most advanced metal laser cutting machine).Of course, materials with high reflectivity, such as gold, silver, copper and aluminium alloy, are also good heat conducting conductors, so laser cutting is difficult or even impossible (some difficult-to-cut materials can be cut with a pulsed laser beam, because of the extremely high peak power of the pulsed wave, the absorption coefficient of the material to the beam can be dramatically increased in an instant).